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Fate in Romeo and Juliet

Fate in Romeo and Juliet A definition of fate would be the power that is supposed to settle ahead of time how things will happen. Romeo and Juliet, the two young lovers in William Shakespeare' s Romeo and Juliet, ended up becoming a large part of what could be called fate. Fate seemed to control their lives and force them together, becoming a large part of their love, and the ending of their parent's hatred. Fate became the ultimate control power in this play, and plays a large part in modern everyday life, even if we don't recognize it. Maybe we don't recognize it because we choose not to, or don't have faith like we used to, but the fact remains that fate controls what we do throughout all of our lives. A large part of the beliefs for both Romeo and Juliet involve fate. They believed in the stars, and that their actions weren't always their own.Romeo and Juliet, Act I-Scene_3. Lady Capulet and ...Romeo, for example, 1.4.115-120, he says, Some consequence yet hanging in the stars...by some vile forfeit of u ntimely death. But he that hath the steerage over my course Direct my sail. He's basically saying to his friends that he had a dream which leads him to believe that he will die young because of something in the stars, something that will happen. He ends with ...he that hath steerage over my course... which implies that he does not have control over his life if he looks to another power above himself to direct him. He does not feel that he is the one who makes decisions, it is all a higher purpose, a different power. We're all sort of like the puppets below the puppeteer. He's asking for that puppeteer to direct his sail, or his life, in the right direction. Fate directs us all...

Difference Between the New Bases of Power in England and the Essay

Difference Between the New Bases of Power in England and the Traditional Structure of France - Essay Example At about 800A.D the Vikings frequently raided the Anglo-Saxons kingdoms. It is during this period that several rulers started attempting to unite the various Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms. Their attempts eventually bore fruit and the Kingdom of England emerged by the 10th century. Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity following which convents and monasteries were built all over England. In 1066 there was the Norman invasion of England this led to the defeat of the Anglosaxons and the Norman and French nobles replaced them as rulers. William the conqueror started ruling and introduced the feudal system at the same time abolishing slavery. France was traditionally a monarchy and It was during the final years of the ruler Charlemagne that Vikings started making advancements along the western and northern perimeters of his kingdom. Following his death the kingdom started to crumble since his heirs could not maintain political stability. The kingdom became divided through the treaty of Verdun of 843.Viking invasions became more common and still in 843 they advanced into the kingdom and murdered a bishop. Through a succession of several kings ,king Louis became a ruler of France in the 13th century .He was a ruler who desired justice for his subjects and he created tribunals. He also passed statutes against private warfare. During the twelfth and the thirteenth centuries, French culture power and authority started to move from the rural monastic areas to towns and royal court. Paris acquired the status of the kingdoms commercial hub as well as the judicial and administrative centre. In England in the 12th and 13th centuries, there was expansion of towns ,trade and cities. The population increased drastically to almost twice the earlier population. It was during the reign of king Phillip IV in France that subdivision arose in the church. Initially it was because king Phillip wanted to tax the clergy in a bid to fund the military. British and French clergy complained to the po pe who objected to the kings intention of taxing them though he withdrew his objection following loud arguments from the king. A second incident in which king Phillip accused the bishop of pampers of treason and heresy made the pope beat loggerheads with the king for a second time. This led t jailing and beating up of the pope who later died and was replaced by pope Clement V who was obedient to king Phillip. In England Christianisation of the Anglo-Saxons took place at around 600 under the influence of the Roman catholic church and the Celtic Christianity. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury at around this time. Wars and pestilence caused major havoc in these societies .For instance, the great famine which caused millions of deaths all over Europe .It started with bad weather in spring 1315 lasting through 1316 to summer harvest of 1317.There was universal crop failures and due to lack of fodder for animals they died .Other than causing deaths of humans due to starv ation ,It had other consequences which included people losing faith in the church since no matter how much they prayed the Lord did not seem to answer their prayers’ her was increase criminal activity as individuals used all means possible to acquire food (Lynn et all 400). There was breakdown of the institution of family as children were abandoned to fend for themselves. People turned into cannibalism. Constant wars were another major problem. The hundred years wars affected both the kingdom of England and the kingdom of France. This started as a dynastic disagreement which is said to date back to King

Nestle Corporation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nestle Corporation - Assignment Example Most changes in industries are driven by the desires of customers (Doublethink, 2010). In the 1900s the company implemented second order change when the firm transformed from a domestic company into a global enterprise. The organization penetrated new marketplaces by purchasing subsidiaries in the foreign markets. Nestle aggressively targeted the U.S. marketplace during the World War II due to the increasing demand for dairy products. Another second order change that occurred at Nestle was the movement of corporate offices from Switzerland to the United States. The firm’s moves were based on the goal of increasing efficiency and productivity. In 1974 Nestle underwent another second order change when the firm decided to change its strategic approach by implementing a diversification strategy. A diversification strategy captures whatever strategic benefits that exist within a portfolio of businesses and turns them into a competitive advantage for the company (Chaneta). The firm became a major shareholder of the cosmetics company L’Oreal. A second acquisition that increased the level of diversification of the company was the purchase of Alcon Laboratories. Alcon Laboratories is dedicated to the manufacture of pharmaceutical and ophthalmic products. A first order change that the new CEO of the company, Brabech-Letmathe, implemented was the hiring of ten new executives to the executive board.

World History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

World History - Essay Example success re-emergency of the Japanese economy as world-class after the end of World War II is the role played by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry {MITI} and its minister Ikeda Hayato who went on to become Prime Minister of Japan. The role of MITI in the ‘Japanese miracle’ is lauded by many scholars as â€Å"no other governmental regulation or organization had more economic impact than MITI.† MITI also gained special attention in Chalmers John’s 1982 book ‘MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975’ where he praised it as â€Å"the particular speed, form and consequences of Japanese economic growth are not intelligible without reference to the contributions of MITI.† Ikeda Hayato became Japanese Prime Minister in 1960 at a time when the economic efforts of MITI {in which he was very much involved} were nearing full bloom. He went on to support and supplement MITI policies. His tremendous invol vement in the ‘Japanese miracle’ led Chalmers Johnson to refer to him as â€Å"the single most important individual architect of the Japanese economic miracle† in his 1982 book (Wikipedia.org). MITI, which was formed in 1949, started off with the ‘Policy Concerning Industrial Rationalization’ in 1950 that officially validated cooperation between the Japanese government and the Japanese private industry. An important aim of the Policy was to negate and overcome the effect of the deflationary regulations put in place by the ‘Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers’ {SCAP} immediately after World War II. The overall aim of the Policy was to stabilize the many industries of Japan and guide them towards the single target that envisaged national production goals and private economic interests (Wikipedia.org). The second major step taken by MITI was the passing of the ‘Foreign Capital Law’ in 1950 that disengaged and separated the import of technology from the import of merchandise. This Law gave MITI sole and full

Piracy in the International Film Sector

Piracy in the International Film Sector â€Å"these days, folks across the world chat a lot more about the excellent exploding market connected with what sort of web piracy improves within the last the recent past, some preceding experiments related to the particular honesty, behavior in addition to digital camera piracy. the research within this report will become by means of exploring the particular movements connected with motion picture market so that you can determine if your motion picture possesses commenced to be able to battle within the the recent past as the fee in addition to ease of piracy specifically the net piracy that will improved amongst people who have many different a long time. the net piracy will certainly divided in what exactly elements are actually helpful to anticipate along with effect the actual accomplishment of videos on this sporadic market, examines motion picture piracy, precisely how this takes place, plus the effects within the motion picture enterprise and lastly examines what exactly aspects of anti-piracy may be employed so that you can beat the actual propagate of piracy along with what exactly the industry may anticipate to accomplish†. â€Å"Within Nov associated with 1903, The truly amazing Coach Robbery grew to be the 1st story movie introduced pertaining to viewers in lots of theaters throughout Nj-new jersey (IMDB, 2008). Since then, the particular movie marketplace has grown in explodes along with range among the most often used pleasurable goods in the us, tugging more substantial viewers as compared to design parks along with main sports put together (MPAA, 2007; Vogel, 1998). Within 2007, the particular world-wide field workplace gross sales achieved $26. 7 billion dollars, a all-time substantial with the marketplace (MPAA, 2007). This kind of expansion in field workplace gross sales has occurred despite the current transfer in this market toward home movie with the advantage along with expansion associated with DISC technologies. At present, home video lessons take into account over 50% associated with studio profits while field workplace profits take into account with regards to 20% associated with studi o profits (MPAA, 2007; Vogel, 1998). Since marketplace received their best world-wide field workplace season previously in 2007 and this solely makes up with regards to 20% associated with profit, it really is obvious how the leisure organization will be thriving†. â€Å"Inside film market there are three methods consciousness may be lifted for that launch of the particular film: advertising by the distributing company, testimonials by critics, and also community word-of-mouth consequences. Together, several consumers help to make his or her binary decision to watch or maybe certainly not watch the actual film while using good quality and also curiosity regarding ads thought of, the actual discourse regarding well known or maybe nearby critics, along with the thoughts of the relatives and buddies with already thought of the actual given film. This cyclical relationship in between success and also consciousness implies that film manufacturers want to have the ideal promotion autos. Advertising and marketing is the just distributor-controlled aspect of the actual advertising clout†. â€Å"Tough unpredictability inside the movie industry of which witout a doubt is available, it seems like there are number of aspects that can produce points more difficult, still before 5 several years this MPAA has commenced to earnestly turn its care about the situation regarding movie piracy. This piracy regarding copyrighted supplies, which includes modified this songs industry since creation regarding Napster, has commenced to look at the obvious toll within the movie industry. At the moment, this MPAA puts most of its initiatives in the direction of anti-piracy action and understanding, showing a particular devotion as to the they will comprehend because major increasing danger towards the movie industry (MPAA, 2005). This 2005 report on piracy with the MPAA simply by LEK Visiting had been a report performed above 1 . 5 years which in turn surveyed 20, six hundred people in 25 places and experimented with approximate earnings losses depending on legitimate movie sale diminis hes because the consequence of fake versions being available. Given that this MPAA accounts the household package company income in with regards to $10 billion dollars and dangerous package company income in $17 billion dollars, this kind of maintain regarding $6. 1 billion dollars is often a massive recommended affect this industry’s achievements†. â€Å"Despite the fact that study on video piracy has become tied to most of the paperwork talked about preceding, a great deal of study has become performed in relation to copyright laws infringement inside songs marketplace. There are various classes to get realized from the battling songs marketplace as caused by piracy: particularly in which safeguard is crucial as well as answering and adjusting piracy in various methods is essential pertaining to intellectual property organizations when they intend on growing. The actual songs marketplace provides modified because of pirating, for instance, the widely used iTunes program permits people to be able to download personal melodies for $. 99. The actual flexibility given with the iTunes technique and also other identical songs accessing products and services get helped steer clear of the multiply associated with piracy. Nonetheless, your songs marketplace provides observed as well as documented the truly great deficits to be able to piracy, specially caused by net piracy as well as P2P hosting space. Despite the fact that a new correlation is available in between piracy pertaining to movies as well as songs, it is important to be aware your differences†. â€Å"In summary, this specific paper is not refuting which piracy is really a considerable dilemma inside the movie sector; this investigator realizes how significant this matter will be. That said, this rising price regarding tickets inside the package workplace shows deficiencies in fiscal work with film distributor’s behalves inside attempting to reduce the number of purchaser cutbacks to piracy. In addition, this impression regarding a myriad of piracy may not be because substantive because proposed by the MPAA, no less than, certainly not regarding this pace in which piracy will be launched. This kind of supports extremely true with regard to cam leaks, the location where the low quality on the video simply may seem to awareness this little movie purchaser . â€Å"Considering cam leaks have been available for 184 on the 185 films inside the Oscar Video Piracy along with Income Dataset, this film sector might want to give attention to battling anti-piracy inside fiscal phrases rather than just attempting to quit this, seeing as that they seem unable to stop piracy worldwide. On the other hand, this MPAA’s concerns with regards to screener leaks may be additional founded operational common sense, along with just before releasing screeners with regards to films film marketers may decide to take into account how not too long ago their own movie opened inside theaters. Needless to say, film marketers are usually loathe to pass by Oscar or Academy Give possibilities, yet the benefit of this esteem along with following involvement in this movie need to be weighed from the considerable chance for profit burning to piracy†. â€Å"References:- Vogel, H.L. (1998). Entertainment industry economics: A guide for financial analysis.New York: Cambridge University Press. Walls, W.D. (2005). Modeling movie success when ‘nobody knows anything’:Conditional stable-distribution analysis of film returns. Journal of Cultural Economics, 29(3), 177-190. Walls, W.D. (2008a). Cross-country analysis of movie piracy. Applied Economics, 40(4-6), 625-632. Walls, W.D. (2008b). Screen wars, star wars, and sequels: Nonparametric reanalysis of movie profitability. Working Paper. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from http://ideas.repec.org/e/pwa195.html#affiliation. Walls, W.D, Harvey, P.J. (2003). Laboratory markets in counterfeit goods: Hong Kong versus Las Vegas. Applied Economics Letters, 10, 883-887. Walls, W.D., Harvey, P.J. (2008). Digital pirates in practice: Analysis of markettransactions in Hong Kong’s pirate software arcades. International Journal of Management, 23(3), 207-216. Waterman, D., Ji, S.W., Rochet, L.R. (2007). Enforcement and control of piracy,copying, and sharing in the movie industry. Review of Industrial Organization,30(4), 255-289†.

The Task :: essays research papers

It was a quiet afternoon so crudely interrupted by a knock at the door. A messenger had come with a letter. I took the letter and began reading. It was from my father. The old man was ill and had requested my immediate presence. I gathered my things and mounted my best horse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I arrived at my fathers house before nightfall and was let in by one of his illustrious maids. Her name was Margarette`. She had been tending to my father for many years now. A tall, young lady yet always bleak and deteriorating. She led me strait to his chamber which was filled with the aroma of medicines and ails. The physician was also present as were a few maids. Upon seeing my arrival the old man made a weak attempt to sit up, coughing as though his lungs were filled with smoke from a thousand chimneys, and motioned for me to come closer. It was painful for me to see my once strong, cunning and seemingly invincible father in this state. In his youth, his strength had equaled ten men but now he had been reduced to a thin and withering, pale, old man. I greeted him warmly, hiding my true feelings of disgust and immorality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My father instructed all to leave us and began talk of death nearing him. My father was not a poor man and had said to be leaving a greater portion of his wealth to me and the rest being divided amongst the maids and my sister who after marriage had moved to Spain. However before the fortune was upon me I would have to complete a task—to kill the one man who had wronged my father. The old man instructed me to take a key from his neck and open his personal drawer with it. From there I would take his prized dagger and use it to slay my fathers adversary. The jewel was wrapped in fine cloth and was not to be opened until I face my enemy in combat. My father spoke of great evil that was in the heart of this beast and only that dagger which had been soaked in his own blood could destroy him. He bid me be careful and keen with my task as this man wore a mask of kindness that I should not fall under.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Automatically I dispersed my fathers warnings, questioning his sanity and left to retire before my journey.

Beverage Service Training Program for Servers

Beverage Service Training Program for Servers Introduction Beverage service industry is typically defined as a part of the hospitality industry. The training program coaches the servers to welcome customers, take drink orders, and serve drinks in a competent manner. The graceful behavior of beverage servers is extremely valuable because they are the frontline representatives of the restaurant/ hotel. Although, no hard core education or training is necessary for this industry, yet the development of a planned training module is essential.The basic etiquettes, which are essential for this industry, can be imbibed by various training approaches (Hickey and Cichy, 2011) Training Methods In the beverage serving industry, customer is the central focus. Therefore, it is vital to serve him in the best possible manner. In this whole act, server is the crucial element of dining service, so that there is implementation of diverse training modules. There is a bifurcation of training modules in t wo categories: Off-the-job and On-the-job training modulesOff-the-job Training: This training module entails classroom training. This training requires extra devotion from the server in gaining training. Different types of training methods in this module are: Classroom Lectures: This training includes lecture delivery on topics related to curriculum of the training module. It is beneficial because the instructor provides first-hand information to the servers and servers get proper guideline to follow. The instructor will provide information to serve glass or place the tray. Also read  Modules 9 & 10One more benefit of this technique is that, in case of any mystification, the server can ask immediately (Hickey and Cichy, 2011) Role Plays: It is the most widely used training method, as it inculcates the grounding of real time situations. In this, the server experiences different hypothetical situations and prepares himself to react in the most efficient manner (Danziger, and Dunkle, 2005) On-the-job training, module: This training method is most appropriate for this industry. The different techniques, applied in this field, are: Coaching: It engrosses one-to-one interaction.In this, the server gets assignation of a senior person, and the person communicates the plan to the server. The basic utility of this method is that it provides a prospect, with which a server gets instant feedback for his performance (Parpal, 2012). Apprenticeship Training: This training module enables the server to experience actual working performance. This training also provides the server with suggesting some novel ideas of serving the drinks, new wine combinations, and many more (Danziger and Dunkle, 2005).Training Objectives The training objectives, in beverage serving training, are mostly not quantitative but qualitative. Some of the training objectives are as follows: 1. To Impart Effective Communication Skills: The communication skills are hugely prominent in the service industry, as it will persuade the customers to buy that product. The perfect explanation of the menu is a prerequisite in this industry. 2. To Instill Serving Skills: The manner of placing the glass on the table is extremely crucial.While serving the customers, it is essential to focus over the table, as placing glasses over the table will require caution and proper arrangement of plates and glasses (Arduser, and Brown, 2005). 3. Proper Dressing Style: In the hospitality sector, it is essential to have proper dressing style. The personal hygiene is a noteworthy factor, as the dirty o r clumsy appearance will impart a false impression on the customers (Arduser, and Brown, 2005). 4. Building Right Attitude: The right attitude involves the empathetic behavior of servers towards customers.The feeling of helping customers with a smile is particularly influential in service oriented sector. Building right responsive behavior, concerning customers is the main motive of this object (Arduser, and Brown, 2005). 5. Attentiveness: It refers to cautious behavior regarding customers’ desires. A decent server will be vigilant enough to recognize the requirements of customers; like, when a customer’s glass is empty, the server immediately needs to ask if the customer needs other peg for drink. It is terribly hard during night shifts and long working hours (Arduser, and Brown, 2005).Measurement of Training Success To calculate the success of training, various methods are employed: 1. Regular Assessment: This method is highly functional for the measurement of succes s of training modules. The learning time consumed in gaining expertise in the operations, like handling bottles, opening the cork of the bottle and displaying controlled hand gestures are measured by this method (Parpal, 2012). 2. Observations: The behaviors with customers and dressing style are measured by keen observation.The courteous behavior is measured by ardent supervision. Moreover, the supervisor keeps an intense vision on the behavior of the server during night hours. During night hours, the chance of misbehaving with customers is comparatively high. 3. Customer Satisfaction Survey: This method is the finest among all the evaluation tools. Customers provide the genuine results for the performance of any beverage server. It will require a set of questions, which may offer correct measurement of performance (Parpal, 2012).Various other parameters are also taken into consideration for the performance measurement of servers, for example, attendance during lectures, dedication to learning more and evaluation of daily feedbacks. All these data will then be evaluated to calculate the overall success of the training program. In the end, the customer revisit will also be a symbol of success of training schedule (Hickey and Cichy, 2011) Work Cited Arduser, Lora and Brown, Robert D. The Waiter & Waitress and Waitstaff Training Handbook: A Complete Guide to the Proper Steps in Service for Food & Beverage Employees.Atlantic Publishing Company, 2005 Danziger, James and Dunkle, Debora. Methods of Training in the Workplace. Web. 10 October 2012. < http://www. crito. uci. edu/papers/2005/DanzigerDunkle. pdf> Hickey, Philip J. and Cichy, Richard. Managing Service in Food and Beverage Operations. Educational Inst of the Amer Hotel (3rd ed. ). 2011 Parpal, Monica. Restaurant Server Training Guidelines. Restaurant Equipment and Supplies. Web. 10 October 2012.

Students Managing Finances

Students Managing Finances Free Online Research Papers Abstract A student that can say that he or she will be able to manage their finances on their own, and actually manage them is very rare to come by. Having the knowledge to budget and maintain your finances, does not just happen. Teaching children how to save and invest are great starting points to start them off to a successful lifestyle. Young adults getting out of high school and starting college have to know how credit can affect them in their futures. Knowing how to start a budget and sticking to it, and excluding expenditures that are not necessary on a student’s budget can outline the difference to staying on top of your finances or being in debt. Students Managing Their Finances Financially smart and confident students seem to be a rare exception to most of the student population. Being financially stable is hard for students. With so many obstacles and temptations that entice young adults starting school, there are credit companies that market for the unwise high school and college freshman, to the upperclassmen that like to live outside their means. Starting a Financially smart students starts at a young age, and begins with their parents. After these lessons are planted, how can students continue with their financial stability? Starting on the Right Path of Financial Success Begins at a Young Age? Some common misconceptions that people make are that males are more responsible with their money, when females are frivolous and don’t worry about saving their money. Does gender play a part in the way people become financially stable? Starting students on the right path begins with their parents. Children learn from their parents and how the parents play each role. Andrea Rock, (2005) found that children pick up most of what they know by observing their parents, particularly their mothers. Showing children from a young age that saving and investing their money is a productive thing to do. Showing children â€Å"young students† how to start and maintain a financial plan, are the foundations of making a smart and efficient student with his or her finances, making the students life just that much easier when the financial smarts are needed later. Staying Ahead With Credit History When it comes to maintaining your credit, which is a major factor in an adults life. Aspects in a student’s life can majorly affect his or her credit history. Nellie Mae, (2002) found that 83% of all undergraduate students had one or more credit cards. For students to manage their credit history, the student has to be responsible with his or her loans and credit cards. As stated by Dan Beucke, (2005), 80% of upperclassmen think they are knowledgeable enough to manage their finances after school. Only to find that 32% missed or have been late on a payment, 24% have written a check that bounced, and 17% had to face a bill collector. Knowing how to stay away from the high interest rate credit cards, the minimum monthly payment traps, and many other mistakes can help an under or upperclassmen maintain their credit history throughout their post college life. Building a Solid Financial Plan Building a financial plan may be difficult and frightening, but once it is established it is like a weight that has been lifted. Creating a budget and sticking to it is one of the foremost important skills to get started. Students who are used to living outside of their means, this can be that much more difficult. Living like a student is crucial to sticking to a budget. Overcoming the obstacle that keeping a budget brings, then disqualify and stop expenses that are not used monthly but paid monthly. When cutting small expenses not needed in a month and redirecting those expenses to a savings account, those small amounts add up over time. Sticking to the simple efforts that only students put into effect for themselves can result to a solid and stable financial lifestyle. Conclusion With everything that is stacked up for students, either it being schoolwork to home life. Being financially stable it essential to staying afloat in today’s economy. Being able to handle credit and maintaining it correctly is a good source to solidifying that financial plan. Finances follow students throughout life, and continue throughout the life of their children. When the right lessons are learned early in a student’s life, it can grow and prosper to a life of stability. References Rock, A. (2005) Take The Gender Out Of Money Smarts. Money, 34(4), 71 Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. Nellie Mae, (2002). Undergraduate students and credit cards: An analysis of usage rates and trends. Retrieved from nellliemae.com/library/research.html Beucke, D. (2005). CREDIT 101. BusinessWeek, (3939), 13. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. Research Papers on Students Managing FinancesLifes What IfsStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Spring and AutumnThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationResearch Process Part One

Drugs History And Definition Essays - Opioids, Euphoriants, Morphine

Drugs History And Definition Essays - Opioids, Euphoriants, Morphine Drugs History And Definition History / Definition Drugs have a long and notorious history for altering minds. Drugs are used as a way of escaping reality and disappearing into another world. In this speech, I will assist you in understanding the history and definitions of various drugs. My proposed findings are based upon information I have gathered from a variety of what I believed to be reputable and credible sources. Therefore, according to Professor Blum, from the University of Chicago the original home of cannabis is thought to be Central Asia, but has spread around the globe with the exception of the Arctic regions and areas of wet tropical forests. Early in its historythe Chinese undoubtedly used it as a hallucinogen. 1500 years later when they had their first contact with Europeans the drug had fallen into decline. However, its value had become a primary source of fiber and there is record of hemp cultivation dating back to Neolithic times. The United States declared marijuana as an illegal drug in 1937. It has been a source of great controversy ever since. Another popular drug widely used in the United States is cocaine. Cocaine is extracted from the leaves of a plant called E-Coca. E-Coca, a bushy shrub native to South American countries at high altitudes. Cocaine is the primary alkaloid in these leaves. In addition, Sigmund Freud, the famous psychoanalyst, used cocaine to treat many of his patients, later he himself became an addict. Cocaine was found to have a numbing effect, therefore it was introduced as an anesthetic by Carl Koller. Cocaine use fell off for various reasons, before it reemerged in the late 1970s. Though touted as the perfect drug, it has ruined many lives. Next, lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as (LSD) was created in 1943 by Albert Hofmann. This drug gained huge popularity in the 1960s. Hofmanns description of his experience while testing the drug was a pleasant intoxication-like feeling that extremely stimulated his imagination. His experience of uninterrupted stream of pictures, extraordinary shapes with kaleidoscopic play of colors lasted about six hours. Later, LSD was extensively studied by the military in the 1950s and finally outlawed in 1967. Other common drugs that are different in name but similar in origin are opium and heroin. Opium is thought to be 6000 years old, where heroin was created in 1874 and was originally marketed as a safe, non-addicted substitute for morphine. However, it was quickly noted that heroin also produce dependency very quickly in some individuals. Because of that, heroin and opiates were made illegal in 1920 with the dangerous drugs act. Phencyclidine commonly known as (PCP) was developed in 1926 as a surgical anesthetic. Its developers hoped it would prove safe and effective, but early researchers decided it is not much of neither and it sat on a shelf until 1957. This drug is currently illegal in the United States as well. Lastly, there is the drug labeled amphetamine. Amphetamines are divided into three basic groupsmethamphetamine, dexamphetamines, and Benzedrine. These drugs are commonly known as speed, meth, crank, crystal, and ice. In 1887, they were synthesized in Germanyin search of curing disease. In the late 1920s, the drug was seriously investigated as a cure and treatment against nearly everything from depression to decongestion. Today these drugs are generally used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder also known as (ADHD). In closing of my speech, I would like to quote Dr. Alfred Burger from the New England Journal of Medicine by stating, Drugs are chemical compounds that modify the way the body and mind work. Additionally, the word drug has acquired bad connotations in recent years due to the fact that society takes something good and turns into something bad, this has ultimately become a serious sociological problem. Bibliography Annas, George, J. Reefer MadnessThe Federal Response to Californias Medical Marijuana Law. The New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 337, No. 6. Aug1997. Legal Issues in Medicine. 4 Mar 2000 Blum, Jeffrey. Re: United States Vs. Anderson, CR-89-210E. 4 Mar 2000

Marketing Consumer Behavior and Retail Marketing Strategy Essay

Marketing Consumer Behavior and Retail Marketing Strategy - Essay Example From this research, it is clear that consumer behavior mainly focuses on how an individual is making decisions about spending their time, money and effort on various products or services. It also includes what and why they are buying, place and time of buying, how often they buy the product and use how often use it and how they are evaluating it after purchasing the product or service and most important the effect of such evaluations on their future purchasing behavior. This study will help to understand the consumer behavior and the retail marketing strategy of the duty-free market in order to take decisions regarding the correct retail marketing strategy. Duty-free goods are found at ports, international airports, border towns, cruise ships, on-board international flights and in some other stores of downtown. These retail stores generally offer a wide range of products like alcohol and tobacco, fragrances, cosmetics, chocolates, sweets and luxury goods. From these duty free retailers, airports are earning higher profits. Many organizations have started to invest in the duty free market as it is a good opportunity for successful expansion of their business and it is mainly seen in the fashion industry.

Biology research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biology - Research Paper Example For instance, Bellard, McCarthy and Meekins studied on genetic variation as well as biogeography of Alliaria petiolata in North America in 1st January 2001. According to their findings, Alliaria petiolata varied in not only phenology, but also morphology across all the native plants in which it grew ( Bellard, McCarthy and Meekins 161). They also found out that Alliaria petiolata also varied in terms of seed dormancy. In their results, they also stipulate that Alliaria petiolata is a hexaploid plant species based on n=7. In tandem to Bellard, McCarthy and Meekins findings, Hanson and McCarthy also claim that Alliaria petiolata is one of the plant species that have contributed to the loss of many indigenous plants in North America. They assert that Alliaria petiolata is a non-indigenous plant species that belongs to Brassicaceae family (Hanson and McCarthy 68). According to them, it was first identified in North America in early 1868. Unlike other Brassicaceae, Hanson and McCarthy spo tulate that Alliaria petiolata spreads in the introduced environment very fast because of its monopolization of resources. To justify their point, they expound on how it took it only 20 years to spread throughout the northeastern parts of North America. By 1991, Alliaria pestiolata had spread to Canada and was identified in 30 U.S states (Blazevic and Mastelic 607). In tandem to this, Bossodorf and Prati also found out that it is through characteristic features and adaptations that Alliaria petiolata managed to invade and successively destroy North American woodlands (Bossdorf and Prati 1). They also found out that the effects of Alliaria petiolata varied with plant species; some species such as G. laciniatum was least sensitive to the allelopathic interference. In their study, Meiners and Pisula also found out that invasive plant species conquer and advance successfully in introduced areas because of allelopathy. According to them,